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This version published online on June 29, 2006
Endocrinology, doi:10.1210/en.2006-0463
A more recent version of this article appeared on September 1, 2006
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Submitted on April 11, 2006
Accepted on May 23, 2006

Minireview: Spot 14: a marker of aggressive breast cancer and a potential therapeutic target

William B. Kinlaw*, Jennifer L. Quinn, Wendy A. Wells, Christopher Roser-Jones, and Joel T. Moncur

Institutions: Department of Medicine, Pathologyand the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH, USA; Currently at The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and Walter Reed Army Medical Center Department of Pathology

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: william.kinlaw{at}hitchcock.org.

S14 is a nuclear protein that communicates the status of dietary fuels and fuel-related hormones to genes required for long chain fatty acid synthesis. In mammary gland, S14 is important for both epithelial proliferation and milk fat production. The S14 gene is amplified in some breast cancers, and is strongly expressed in most. High expression of S14 in primary invasive breast cancer is conspicuously predictive of recurrence. S14 mediates the induction of lipogenesis by progestin in breast cancer cells and accelerates their growth. Conversely, S14 knockdown impairs de novo lipid synthesis and causes apoptosis. We find that breast cancer cells do not express lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and hypothesize that they do not have access to circulating lipids unless the local environment supplies it. This may explain why primary breast cancers with low S14 do not survive transit from the LPL-rich mammary fat pad to areas devoid of LPL, such as lymph nodes, and thus do not appear as distant metastases. Thus S14 is a marker for aggressive breast cancer, and a potential target as well. Future effort will center on validation of S14 as a therapeutic target and producing antagonists of its action.




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