| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Submitted on March 10, 2005
Accepted on May 5, 2005
K. Palaszynski, D. Smith, S. Kamrava, R. Voskuhl, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; A. Arnold, Department of Physiological Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; P. Burgoyne, Division of Developmental Genetic, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rvoskuhl{at}ucla.edu.
Sex chromosome complement, by determining whether an ovary or testis develops, exerts indirect hormone-mediated effects on the development of sex specific traits. However, this does not preclude more direct effects that are independent of gonadal hormones. To look for gonadal hormone independent effects in sexually dimorphic immune responses, we used mice in which the testis determinant Sry has been "moved" from the Y chromosome to an autosome, thus allowing the production of mice that differ in sex chromosome complement while having the same gonadal type. This model permits comparison of XX and XY mice with ovaries or with testes. These mice were immunized with an autoantigen and draining lymph node cells were assessed for autoantigen specific proliferative responses and cytokine production. Surprisingly, we found that the male complement of sex chromosomes (XY) was relatively stimulatory, while male sex hormones were inhibitory, for this immune response. This is the first experimental evidence of a compensatory "yin-yang" effect of sex chromosome complement and sex hormones on a biologic process.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  J. Xu, X. Deng, R. Watkins, and C. M. Disteche Sex-Specific Differences in Expression of Histone Demethylases Utx and Uty in Mouse Brain and Neurons J. Neurosci., April 23, 2008; 28(17): 4521 - 4527. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. P. Matson, L. Zhu, E. G. Lingenheld, C. M. Schramm, R. B. Clark, D. M. Selander, R. S. Thrall, E. Breen, and L. Puddington Maternal Transmission of Resistance to Development of Allergic Airway Disease J. Immunol., July 15, 2007; 179(2): 1282 - 1291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. E. Dunn, S. S. Ousman, R. A. Sobel, L. Zuniga, S. E. Baranzini, S. Youssef, A. Crowell, J. Loh, J. Oksenberg, and L. Steinman Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR){alpha} expression in T cells mediates gender differences in development of T cell-mediated autoimmunity J. Exp. Med., February 19, 2007; 204(2): 321 - 330. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Teuscher, R. Noubade, K. Spach, B. McElvany, J. Y. Bunn, P. D. Fillmore, J. F. Zachary, and E. P. Blankenhorn Evidence that the Y chromosome influences autoimmune disease in male and female mice PNAS, May 23, 2006; 103(21): 8024 - 8029. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Gatewood, A. Wills, S. Shetty, J. Xu, A. P. Arnold, P. S. Burgoyne, and E. F. Rissman Sex chromosome complement and gonadal sex influence aggressive and parental behaviors in mice. J. Neurosci., February 22, 2006; 26(8): 2335 - 2342. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. J. De Vries Sex Steroids and Sex Chromosomes at Odds? Endocrinology, August 1, 2005; 146(8): 3277 - 3279. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |
