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Submitted on April 19, 2004
Accepted on June 4, 2004
Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, and Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathology, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn and Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathology, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rdilauro{at}unina.it.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is the main physiological agent implicated in the regulation of the thyroid gland. TSH exerts its cellular effects by binding to the TSH receptor (Tshr) and triggering the activation of the adenylyl cyclase pathway. The mechanisms by which the activation of Tshr regulates both proliferation and functioning of adult thyroid cells has already been exhaustively studied mainly in cell culture models. More recent data indicated that, at least in in the rodent model, TSH does not play a role in controlling gland growth during fetal life as it does in the adult thyroid. In this review we will focus on the role of TSH-induced signaling in the development and differentiation of the thyroid, as deduced by the study of the phenotype of animal models deficient for TSH/Tshr signaling and of patients affected by congenital hypothyroidism due to loss of function mutations in the TSHR gene
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