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Down-Regulation of Adipose 11ß-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 by High-Fat Feeding in Mice: A Potential Adaptive Mechanism Counteracting Metabolic Disease

Endocrinology Unit, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland, United Kingdom

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Nicholas M. Morton, Endocrinology Unit, University of Edinburgh, Molecular Medicine Centre, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland, United Kingdom. E-mail: nik.morton{at}ed.ac.uk.

Abstract

The enzyme 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11ß-HSD-1) amplifies intracellular glucocorticoid action in vivo. 11ß-HSD-1 activity is increased in adipose tissues of obese humans and genetically obese rodents, providing a mechanistic basis for the similarities between metabolic disease arising from high circulating glucocorticoids (Cushing’s syndrome) and idiopathic obesity/metabolic syndrome where plasma glucocorticoids are typically unaltered. Fat-specific overexpression of 11ß-HSD-1 produces a metabolic syndrome in mice, whereas 11ß-HSD-1 null mice resist high-fat diet (HF)-induced visceral obesity and its metabolic consequences. Here we compared the effects of chronic (18 wk) HF feeding on adipose 11ß-HSD-1 activity in strains of mice that are either resistant (A/J) or prone (C57BL/6J) to metabolic disease. 11ß-HSD-1 activity was highest in sc fat, followed by epididymal fat, with lowest activity in the mesenteric visceral depot of both strains. 11ß-HSD-1 activity was lower in white adipose tissues of A/J compared with C57BL/6J mice. Chronic HF feeding unexpectedly caused a down-regulation of 11ß-HSD-1 in adipose tissues of both strains, despite comparable adiposity. However, A/J mice down-regulated adipose 11ß-HSD-1 to a significantly lower level than C57BL/6J mice in white and thermogenic brown adipose tissues. We propose that a lower adipose 11ß-HSD-1 set point affords a metabolic protection to A/J mice. Adaptive down-regulation of adipose 11ß-HSD-1 in response to chronic HF represents a novel mechanism that may counteract metabolic disease.

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