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Endocrinology Vol. 145, No. 6 2607-2612
Copyright © 2004 by The Endocrine Society

Orexigenic Action of Peripheral Ghrelin Is Mediated by Neuropeptide Y and Agouti-Related Protein

H. Y. Chen, M. E. Trumbauer, A. S. Chen, D. T. Weingarth, J. R. Adams, E. G. Frazier, Z. Shen, D. J. Marsh, S. D. Feighner, X.-M. Guan, Z. Ye, R. P. Nargund, R. G. Smith, L. H. T. Van der Ploeg, A. D. Howard, D. J. MacNeil and S. Qian

Departments of Metabolic Disorders (H.Y.C., M.E.T., A.S.C., D.T.W., J.R.A., E.G.F., Z.S., D.J.M., S.D.F., X.-M.G., L.H.T.V.d.P., A.D.H., D.J.M., S.Q.) and Medicinal Chemistry (Z.Y., R.P.N.), Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065; and Huffington Center on Aging (R.G.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Howard Chen, Department of Metabolic Disorders, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, RY80T-150, Rahway, New Jersey 07065. E-mail: howard_chen{at}merck.com.

Ghrelin, a stomach-derived orexigenic hormone, has stimulated great interest as a potential target for obesity control. Pharmacological evidence indicates that ghrelin’s effects on food intake are mediated by neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) in the central nervous system. These include intracerebroventricular application of antibodies to neutralize NPY and AgRP, and the application of an NPY Y1 receptor antagonist, which blocks some of the orexigenic effects of ghrelin. Here we describe treatment of Agrp–/–;Npy–/– and Mc3r–/–;Mc4r–/– double knockout mice as well as Npy–/– and Agrp–/– single knockout mice with either ghrelin or an orally active nonpeptide ghrelin agonist. The data demonstrate that NPY and AgRP are required for the orexigenic effects of ghrelin, as well as the involvement of the melanocortin pathway in ghrelin signaling. Our results outline a functional interaction between the NPY and AgRP pathways. Although deletion of either NPY or AgRP caused only a modest or nondetectable effect, ablation of both ligands completely abolished the orexigenic action of ghrelin. Our results establish an in vivo orexigenic function for NPY and AgRP, mediating the effect of ghrelin.




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