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*Nutrition
*Obesity
*Vasculitis
Endocrinology Vol. 144, No. 6 2195-2200
Copyright © 2003 by The Endocrine Society

Minireview: Adiposity, Inflammation, and Atherogenesis

Christopher J. Lyon, Ronald E. Law and Willa A. Hsueh

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-7073

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Willa A. Hsueh, M.D., Chief, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, University of California at Los Angeles, 900 Veteran Avenue, Suite 24-130, Los Angeles, California 90095-7073. E-mail: whsueh{at}mednet.ucla.edu.

Adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ that secretes a number of factors that are increasingly recognized to contribute to systemic and vascular inflammation. Several of these factors, collectively referred to as adipokines, have now been shown regulate, directly or indirectly, a number of the processes that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, including hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and vascular remodeling. Several adipokines are preferentially expressed in visceral adipose tissue, and the secretion of proinflammatory adipokines is elevated with increasing adiposity. Not surprisingly, approaches that reduce adipose tissue depots, including surgical fat removal, exercise, and reduced caloric intake, improve proinflammatory adipokine levels and reduce the severity of their resultant pathologies. Systemic adipokine levels can also be favorably altered by treatment with several of the existing drug classes used to treat insulin resistance, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Greater understanding of adipokine regulation, however, should result in the design of improved treatment strategies to control disease states associated with increase adiposity, an important outcome in view of the growing worldwide epidemic of obesity.




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