help button home button Endocrine Society Endocrinology
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Copyright Permission
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Pernasetti, F.
Right arrow Articles by Mellon, P. L.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Pernasetti, F.
Right arrow Articles by Mellon, P. L.
Endocrinology Vol. 142, No. 6 2284-2295
Copyright © 2001 by The Endocrine Society

ARTICLES

Cell-Specific Transcriptional Regulation of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone-ß by Activin and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in the LßT2 Pituitary Gonadotrope Cell Model1

Flavia Pernasetti2, Vyacheslav V. Vasilyev3,4, Suzanne B. Rosenberg4, Janice S. Bailey5, Huey-Jing Huang, William L. Miller and Pamela L. Mellon

Departments of Reproductive Medicine (F.P., V.V.V., S.B.R., J.S.B., P.L.M.) and Neuroscience (V.V.V., P.L.M.), University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0674; and Department of Biochemistry, North Carolina State University (H.-J.H., W.L.M.), Raleigh, North Carolina 27695

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Pamela L. Mellon, Ph.D., Department of Reproductive Medicine 0674, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0674. E-mail: pmellon{at}ucsd.edu

FSH is secreted by gonadotropes of the anterior pituitary and plays a crucial role in mammalian reproduction. However, little is known about FSH gene regulation due to the lack of a gonadotrope cell line that synthesizes FSH. The LßT2 mouse pituitary cell line, isolated by targeted tumorigenesis in transgenic mice, has the characteristics of a mature gonadotrope, including expression of GnRH receptor, steroidogenic factor 1, and both the {alpha}- and ß-subunits of LH, but was thought not to express FSH. Using RT-PCR, we show that these cells synthesize FSH ß- subunit messenger RNA, which is induced by activin and inhibited by follistatin. Furthermore, in transient transfections an ovine FSHß 5'-regulatory region (5.5 kb) confers LßT2 cell-specific expression to a reporter gene compared with other pituitary and nonpituitary cell lines. This FSHß regulatory region responds to activin specifically in LßT2 cells, an effect that is blocked by follistatin. The LHß, {alpha}-subunit, and GnRH receptor regulatory regions are induced by activin and blocked by follistatin. Furthermore, LßT2 cells express the components of the activin system, and addition of follistatin alone reduces FSHß gene expression, demonstrating that an endogenous activin autocrine loop regulates FSH in these cells. In addition, GnRH stimulates both the FSHß and LHß regulatory regions, specifically in LßT2 cells. Surprisingly, GnRH induction is reduced by follistatin, suggesting its dependence on endogenous activin. As the mouse GnRH receptor promoter is inhibited by follistatin, reduction of GnRH receptor levels might be one mechanism by which follistatin interferes with GnRH induction of gonadotropin genes. In summary, LßT2 cells exhibit the characteristics of fully differentiated gonadotropes, including the expression of LH, FSH, GnRH receptor, and components of the activin/follistatin system, as well as display the appropriate responses to activin and GnRH.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
Y. Wang, J. Fortin, P. Lamba, M. Bonomi, L. Persani, M. S. Roberson, and D. J. Bernard
Activator Protein-1 and Smad Proteins Synergistically Regulate Human Follicle-Stimulating Hormone {beta}-Promoter Activity
Endocrinology, November 1, 2008; 149(11): 5577 - 5591.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
J. Feng, M. A. Lawson, and P. Melamed
A Proteomic Comparison of Immature and Mature Mouse Gonadotrophs Reveals Novel Differentially Expressed Nuclear Proteins that Regulate Gonadotropin Gene Transcription and RNA Splicing
Biol Reprod, September 1, 2008; 79(3): 546 - 561.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
N. A. Ciccone, C. T. Lacza, M. Y. Hou, S. J. Gregory, K.-Y. Kam, S. Xu, and U. B. Kaiser
A Composite Element that Binds Basic Helix Loop Helix and Basic Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors Is Important for Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Regulation of the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone {beta} Gene
Mol. Endocrinol., August 1, 2008; 22(8): 1908 - 1923.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
R. Sasson, S. H. Luu, V. G. Thackray, and P. L. Mellon
Glucocorticoids Induce Human Glycoprotein Hormone {alpha}-Subunit Gene Expression in the Gonadotrope
Endocrinology, July 1, 2008; 149(7): 3643 - 3655.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
P. Lamba, V. Khivansara, A. C. D'Alessio, M. M. Santos, and D. J. Bernard
Paired-Like Homeodomain Transcription Factors 1 and 2 Regulate Follicle-Stimulating Hormone {beta}-Subunit Transcription through a Conserved cis-Element
Endocrinology, June 1, 2008; 149(6): 3095 - 3108.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
L Nicol, M-O Faure, J R McNeilly, J Fontaine, C Taragnat, and A S McNeilly
Bone morphogenetic protein-4 interacts with activin and GnRH to modulate gonadotrophin secretion in L{beta}T2 gonadotrophs
J. Endocrinol., March 1, 2008; 196(3): 497 - 507.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
V. G. Thackray and P. L. Mellon
Synergistic Induction of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone {beta}-Subunit Gene Expression by Gonadal Steroid Hormone Receptors and Smad Proteins
Endocrinology, March 1, 2008; 149(3): 1091 - 1102.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
S. Gardner, S. Maudsley, R. P. Millar, and A. J. Pawson
Nuclear Stabilization of {beta}-Catenin and Inactivation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3{beta} by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone: Targeting Wnt Signaling in the Pituitary Gonadotrope
Mol. Endocrinol., December 1, 2007; 21(12): 3028 - 3038.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
D. Coss, C. M. Hand, K. K. J. Yaphockun, H. A. Ely, and P. L. Mellon
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Is Critical for Synergistic Induction of the FSH{beta} Gene by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Activin through Augmentation of c-Fos Induction and Smad Phosphorylation
Mol. Endocrinol., December 1, 2007; 21(12): 3071 - 3086.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum ReprodHome page
A. L. Chand, G. T. Ooi, C. A. Harrison, A. N. Shelling, and D. M. Robertson
Functional analysis of the human inhibin {alpha} subunit variant A257T and its potential role in premature ovarian failure
Hum. Reprod., December 1, 2007; 22(12): 3241 - 3248.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
H. A Ferris, H. E Walsh, J. Stevens, P. C Fallest, and M. A Shupnik
Luteinizing Hormone Beta Promoter Stimulation by Adenylyl Cyclase and Cooperation with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone 1 in Transgenic Mice and LBetaT2 Cells
Biol Reprod, December 1, 2007; 77(6): 1073 - 1080.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
M. Takeda, F. Otsuka, H. Otani, K. Inagaki, T. Miyoshi, J. Suzuki, Y. Mimura, T. Ogura, and H. Makino
Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activation on gonadotropin transcription and cell mitosis induced by bone morphogenetic proteins in mouse gonadotrope L{beta}T2 cells
J. Endocrinol., July 1, 2007; 194(1): 87 - 99.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
S. Lim, M. Luo, M. Koh, M. Yang, M. N. bin Abdul Kadir, J. H. Tan, Z. Ye, W. Wang, and P. Melamed
Distinct Mechanisms Involving Diverse Histone Deacetylases Repress Expression of the Two Gonadotropin {beta}-Subunit Genes in Immature Gonadotropes, and Their Actions Are Overcome by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Mol. Cell. Biol., June 1, 2007; 27(11): 4105 - 4120.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
M. A. Lawson, R. Tsutsumi, H. Zhang, I. Talukdar, B. K. Butler, S. J. Santos, P. L. Mellon, and N. J. G. Webster
Pulse Sensitivity of the Luteinizing Hormone {beta} Promoter Is Determined by a Negative Feedback Loop Involving Early Growth Response-1 and Ngfi-A Binding Protein 1 and 2
Mol. Endocrinol., May 1, 2007; 21(5): 1175 - 1191.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Mol EndocrinolHome page
K. B Lee, V. Khivansara, M. M Santos, P. Lamba, T. Yuen, S. C Sealfon, and D. J Bernard
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 and activin A synergistically stimulate follicle-stimulating hormone {beta} subunit transcription
J. Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 2007; 38(2): 315 - 330.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
S. M. McGillivray, V. G. Thackray, D. Coss, and P. L. Mellon
Activin and Glucocorticoids Synergistically Activate Follicle-Stimulating Hormone {beta}-Subunit Gene Expression in the Immortalized L{beta}T2 Gonadotrope Cell Line
Endocrinology, February 1, 2007; 148(2): 762 - 773.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
R. Larder, D. Karali, N. Nelson, and P. Brown
Fanconi Anemia a Is a Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling Molecule Required for Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Transduction of the GnRH Receptor
Endocrinology, December 1, 2006; 147(12): 5676 - 5689.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
H. Zhang, J. S. Bailey, D. Coss, B. Lin, R. Tsutsumi, M. A. Lawson, P. L. Mellon, and N. J. G. Webster
Activin Modulates the Transcriptional Response of LssT2 Cells to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Alters Cellular Proliferation
Mol. Endocrinol., November 1, 2006; 20(11): 2909 - 2930.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
V. G. Thackray, S. M. McGillivray, and P. L. Mellon
Androgens, Progestins, and Glucocorticoids Induce Follicle-Stimulating Hormone {beta}-Subunit Gene Expression at the Level of the Gonadotrope
Mol. Endocrinol., September 1, 2006; 20(9): 2062 - 2079.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ReproductionHome page
L. M Bilezikjian, A. L Blount, C. J Donaldson, and W. W Vale
Pituitary actions of ligands of the TGF-{beta} family: activins and inhibins.
Reproduction, August 1, 2006; 132(2): 207 - 215.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
C. Z. Altuntas, J. M. Johnson, and V. K. Tuohy
Autoimmune Targeted Disruption of the Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Causes Premature Ovarian Failure
J. Immunol., August 1, 2006; 177(3): 1988 - 1996.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Mol EndocrinolHome page
P. Lamba, M. M Santos, D. P Philips, and D. J Bernard
Acute regulation of murine follicle-stimulating hormone {beta} subunit transcription by activin A
J. Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 2006; 36(1): 201 - 220.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
H. Kanasaki, G. Y. Bedecarrats, K.-Y. Kam, S. Xu, and U. B. Kaiser
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pulse Frequency-Dependent Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathways in Perifused L{beta}T2 Cells
Endocrinology, December 1, 2005; 146(12): 5503 - 5513.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
N. Safwat, J. Ninomiya-Tsuji, A. J. Gore, and W. L. Miller
Transforming Growth Factor {beta}-Activated Kinase 1 Is a Key Mediator of Ovine Follicle-Stimulating Hormone {beta}-Subunit Expression
Endocrinology, November 1, 2005; 146(11): 4814 - 4824.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
D. Coss, V. G. Thackray, C.-X. Deng, and P. L. Mellon
Activin Regulates Luteinizing Hormone {beta}-Subunit Gene Expression through Smad-Binding and Homeobox Elements
Mol. Endocrinol., October 1, 2005; 19(10): 2610 - 2623.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
P. Su, J. C. Wu, J. R. Sommer, A. J. Gore, R. M. Petters, and W. L. Miller
Conditional Induction of Ovulation in Mice
Biol Reprod, October 1, 2005; 73(4): 681 - 687.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
M. I. Suszko, D. M. Balkin, Y. Chen, and T. K. Woodruff
Smad3 Mediates Activin-Induced Transcription of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone {beta}-Subunit Gene
Mol. Endocrinol., July 1, 2005; 19(7): 1849 - 1858.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. L. Givens, N. Rave-Harel, V. D. Goonewardena, R. Kurotani, S. E. Berdy, C. H. Swan, J. L. R. Rubenstein, B. Robert, and P. L. Mellon
Developmental Regulation of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Gene Expression by the MSX and DLX Homeodomain Protein Families
J. Biol. Chem., May 13, 2005; 280(19): 19156 - 19165.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Reproductive SciencesHome page
X. Zhao, R. Teng, K. Asanuma, Y. Okouchi, K. Johkura, N. Ogiwara, and K. Sasaki
Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Into Gonadotrope-like Cells In Vitro
Reproductive Sciences, May 1, 2005; 12(4): 257 - 262.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
C. K. Cheng and P. C. K. Leung
Molecular Biology of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)-I, GnRH-II, and Their Receptors in Humans
Endocr. Rev., April 1, 2005; 26(2): 283 - 306.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
S. J. Gregory, C. T. Lacza, A. A. Detz, S. Xu, L. A. Petrillo, and U. B. Kaiser
Synergy between Activin A and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Transcriptional Activation of the Rat Follicle-Stimulating Hormone-{beta} Gene
Mol. Endocrinol., January 1, 2005; 19(1): 237 - 254.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Mol EndocrinolHome page
L L Burger, D J Haisenleder, A C Dalkin, and J C Marshall
Regulation of gonadotropin subunit gene transcription
J. Mol. Endocrinol., December 1, 2004; 33(3): 559 - 584.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
M. L. Givens, R. Kurotani, N. Rave-Harel, N. L. G. Miller, and P. L. Mellon
Phylogenetic Footprinting Reveals Evolutionarily Conserved Regions of the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene that Enhance Cell-Specific Expression
Mol. Endocrinol., December 1, 2004; 18(12): 2950 - 2966.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J. C. Wu, P. Su, N. W. Safwat, J. Sebastian, and W. L. Miller
Rapid, Efficient Isolation of Murine Gonadotropes and Their Use in Revealing Control of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone by Paracrine Pituitary Factors
Endocrinology, December 1, 2004; 145(12): 5832 - 5839.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
B. E. West, G. E. Parker, J. J. Savage, P. Kiratipranon, K. S. Toomey, L. R. Beach, S. C. Colvin, K. W. Sloop, and S. J. Rhodes
Regulation of the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone {beta} Gene by the LHX3 LIM-Homeodomain Transcription Factor
Endocrinology, November 1, 2004; 145(11): 4866 - 4879.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
R. Larder, L. Chang, M. Clinton, and P. Brown
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Regulates Expression of the DNA Damage Repair Gene, Fanconi anemia A, in Pituitary Gonadotroph Cells
Biol Reprod, September 1, 2004; 71(3): 828 - 836.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
C. A. Harrison, P. C. Gray, W. H. Fischer, C. Donaldson, S. Choe, and W. Vale
An Activin Mutant with Disrupted ALK4 Binding Blocks Signaling via Type II Receptors
J. Biol. Chem., July 2, 2004; 279(27): 28036 - 28044.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ReproductionHome page
S. J Winters and J. P Moore
Intra-pituitary regulation of gonadotrophs in male rodents and primates
Reproduction, July 1, 2004; 128(1): 13 - 23.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
J. S. Bailey, N. Rave-Harel, S. M. McGillivray, D. Coss, and P. L. Mellon
Activin Regulation of the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone {beta}-Subunit Gene Involves Smads and the TALE Homeodomain Proteins Pbx1 and Prep1
Mol. Endocrinol., May 1, 2004; 18(5): 1158 - 1170.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
D. Bonfil, D. Chuderland, S. Kraus, D. Shahbazian, I. Friedberg, R. Seger, and Z. Naor
Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase, Jun N-Terminal Kinase, p38, and c-Src Are Involved in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Stimulated Activity of the Glycoprotein Hormone Follicle-Stimulating Hormone {beta}-Subunit Promoter
Endocrinology, May 1, 2004; 145(5): 2228 - 2244.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
T. J. Spady, R. Shayya, V. G. Thackray, L. Ehrensberger, J. S. Bailey, and P. L. Mellon
Androgen Regulates Follicle-Stimulating Hormone {beta} Gene Expression in an Activin-Dependent Manner in Immortalized Gonadotropes
Mol. Endocrinol., April 1, 2004; 18(4): 925 - 940.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
D. J. Bernard
Both SMAD2 and SMAD3 Mediate Activin-Stimulated Expression of the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone {beta} Subunit in Mouse Gonadotrope Cells
Mol. Endocrinol., March 1, 2004; 18(3): 606 - 623.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
D. Coss, S. B. R. Jacobs, C. E. Bender, and P. L. Mellon
A Novel AP-1 Site Is Critical for Maximal Induction of the Follicle-stimulating Hormone {beta} Gene by Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone
J. Biol. Chem., January 2, 2004; 279(1): 152 - 162.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
L. L. Burger, D. J. Haisenleder, K. W. Aylor, A. C. Dalkin, K. A Prendergast, and J. C. Marshall
Regulation of Luteinizing Hormone-{beta} and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)-{beta} Gene Transcription by Androgens: Testosterone Directly Stimulates FSH-{beta} Transcription Independent from Its Role on Follistatin Gene Expression
Endocrinology, January 1, 2004; 145(1): 71 - 78.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
Y. Yamada, H. Yamamoto, T. Yonehara, H. Kanasaki, H. Nakanishi, E. Miyamoto, and K. Miyazaki
Differential Activation of the Luteinizing Hormone {beta}-Subunit Promoter by Activin and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone: A Role for the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway in L{beta}T2 Gonadotrophs
Biol Reprod, January 1, 2004; 70(1): 236 - 243.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
F. Liu, D. A. Austin, and N. J. G. Webster
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Desensitized L{beta}T2 Gonadotrope Cells Are Refractory to Acute Protein Kinase C, Cyclic AMP, and Calcium-Dependent Signaling
Endocrinology, October 1, 2003; 144(10): 4354 - 4365.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
S. L. Mellor, E. M. A. Ball, A. E. O'Connor, J.-F. Ethier, M. Cranfield, J. F. Schmitt, D. J. Phillips, N. P. Groome, and G. P. Risbridger
Activin {beta}C-Subunit Heterodimers Provide a New Mechanism of Regulating Activin Levels in the Prostate
Endocrinology, October 1, 2003; 144(10): 4410 - 4419.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
G. Y. Bedecarrats, F. H. O'Neill, E. R. Norwitz, U. B. Kaiser, and J. Teixeira
Regulation of gonadotropin gene expression by Mullerian inhibiting substance
PNAS, August 5, 2003; 100(16): 9348 - 9353.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
S. B. R. Jacobs, D. Coss, S. M. McGillivray, and P. L. Mellon
Nuclear Factor Y and Steroidogenic Factor 1 Physically and Functionally Interact to Contribute to Cell-Specific Expression of the Mouse Follicle-Stimulating Hormone-{beta} Gene
Mol. Endocrinol., August 1, 2003; 17(8): 1470 - 1483.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
G. Y. Bedecarrats and U. B. Kaiser
Differential Regulation of Gonadotropin Subunit Gene Promoter Activity by Pulsatile Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) in Perifused L{beta}T2 Cells: Role of GnRH Receptor Concentration
Endocrinology, May 1, 2003; 144(5): 1802 - 1811.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
J. Dupont, J. McNeilly, A. Vaiman, S. Canepa, Y. Combarnous, and C. Taragnat
Activin Signaling Pathways in Ovine Pituitary and L{beta}T2 Gonadotrope Cells
Biol Reprod, May 1, 2003; 68(5): 1877 - 1887.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
B. S. Ellsworth, B. R. White, A. T. Burns, B. D. Cherrington, A. M. Otis, and C. M. Clay
c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Activation of Activator Protein-1 Underlies Homologous Regulation of the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Gene in {alpha}T3-1 Cells
Endocrinology, March 1, 2003; 144(3): 839 - 849.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
M. I. Suszko, D. J. Lo, H. Suh, S. A. Camper, and T. K. Woodruff
Regulation of the Rat Follicle-Stimulating Hormone {beta}-Subunit Promoter by Activin
Mol. Endocrinol., March 1, 2003; 17(3): 318 - 332.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
J.-F. Ethier, P. G. Farnworth, J. K. Findlay, and G. T. Ooi
Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} Modulates Inhibin A Bioactivity in the L{beta}T2 Gonadotrope Cell Line by Competing for Binding to Betaglycan
Mol. Endocrinol., December 1, 2002; 16(12): 2754 - 2763.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Exp. Biol. Med.Home page
C. Welt, Y. Sidis, H. Keutmann, and A. Schneyer
Activins, Inhibins, and Follistatins: From Endocrinology to Signaling. A Paradigm for the New Millennium
Experimental Biology and Medicine, October 1, 2002; 227(9): 724 - 752.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
E. R. Norwitz, S. Xu, J. Xu, L. B. Spiryda, J. S. Park, K.-H. Jeong, E. A. McGee, and U. B. Kaiser
Direct Binding of AP-1 (Fos/Jun) Proteins to a SMAD Binding Element Facilitates Both Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH)- and Activin-mediated Transcriptional Activation of the Mouse GnRH Receptor Gene
J. Biol. Chem., September 27, 2002; 277(40): 37469 - 37478.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
L. L. Burger, A. C. Dalkin, K. W. Aylor, D. J. Haisenleder, and J. C. Marshall
GnRH Pulse Frequency Modulation of Gonadotropin Subunit Gene Transcription in Normal Gonadotropes--Assessment by Primary Transcript Assay Provides Evidence for Roles of GnRH and Follistatin
Endocrinology, September 1, 2002; 143(9): 3243 - 3249.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
V. V. Vasilyev, M. A. Lawson, D. Dipaolo, N. J. G. Webster, and P. L. Mellon
Different Signaling Pathways Control Acute Induction versus Long-Term Repression of LH{beta} Transcription by GnRH
Endocrinology, September 1, 2002; 143(9): 3414 - 3426.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page